Adhara, Epsilon Canis Majoris (ε CMa), is a binary star system situated within the constellation Canis Main. It lies at a distance of 430 gentle years from Earth. With an obvious magnitude of 1.50, it is the second brightest star in Canis Main, after Sirius, and the twenty second brightest star within the sky. It is barely brighter than Castor in Gemini, Shaula in Scorpius and Gacrux in Crux, however outshined by Deneb in Cygnus, Mimosa in Crux and Regulus in Leo.
Table of Contents
Star system
Epsilon Canis Majoris is a binary star system consisting of Epsilon Canis Majoris A, a brilliant large, and Epsilon Canis Majoris B, a faint companion at a separation of 7.5 arcseconds from the first. Although the angular distance between the elements is appreciable, the 2 stars can solely be resolved in giant devices as a result of Epsilon CMa A is about 250 occasions brighter than Epsilon CMa B.
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Epsilon Canis Majoris A is a brilliant large of the spectral type B2 II, showing blue-white in color. With a floor temperature of 22,900 Okay, it shines with a luminosity 38,700 occasions that of the Solar and has an absolute magnitude of -4.8. Nonetheless, as a result of of its excessive temperature, it radiates a good portion of its vitality output within the invisible ultraviolet half of the spectrum. The star has the dimensions 13.9 occasions that of the Solar and about 12.6 photo voltaic lots, sufficient to make it a supernova candidate. The star’s estimated age is 22.5 million years.
The companion has an absolute magnitude of 1.9 and an obvious magnitude of 7.5. It lies no less than 900 astronomical models from the first, which signifies that the celebrities take no less than 7,500 years to finish an orbit.
Details
Adhara was the brightest star within the sky 4.7 million years in the past, when it got here inside 34 gentle years of the Solar. It had a visible magnitude of -3.99, outshining Jupiter (magazine. -2.94 to -1.66), Mercury (magazine. -2.48 to +7.25), Mars (magazine. -2.94 to +1.86) and sometimes even Venus (magazine. -4.92 to -2.98). It was two and a half magnitudes brighter than Sirius is immediately (magazine. -1.46). The one historic brightest star that got here even near reaching that magnitude is Adhara’s neighbour Mirzam (β CMa), which had an obvious magnitude of -3.65 about 4 million years in the past.
With an obvious magnitude of 1.50, Adhara is proper on the border between first and second magnitude. It is talked about because the faintest first-magnitude star by some sources and because the brightest second-magnitude star by others.
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Adhara and Sirius are included on the checklist of the 58 stars chosen for navigation. Navigational stars have a particular standing within the subject of celestial navigation as a result of they’re some of the brightest and most recognizable stars within the sky.
Adhara is the brightest identified excessive ultraviolet supply within the sky. If we might see in ultraviolet wavelengths, it might outshine all the opposite stars. A examine printed In 1995 discovered the star to be the strongest supply of Lyman continuum photons (photons emitted above the Lyman restrict, succesful of ionizing hydrogen atoms within the close by gasoline), one which performs an vital position within the ionization of hydrogen within the Native Interstellar Cloud (the interstellar cloud stretching throughout 30 gentle years, via which the Solar is shifting).
Adhara is one of the celebrities that seem on Brazil’s nationwide flag. Every star featured on the flag represents a Brazilian Federative Unit and Adhara symbolizes the state of Tocantins.
Title
The star’s conventional identify is derived from the Arabic Al Adhara, which means “maidens” or “virgins.” It has additionally been spelled Adara, Udara, Udra or Adard. The seventeenth century Egyptian astronomer Al Achsasi al Mouakket designated the star Aoul al Adzari, “the first of the virgins,” in his Calendarium. The identify was later translated into Latin as Prima Virginum. Adhara, Wezen (Delta Canis Majoris), Aludra (Eta Canis Majoris) and Omicron2 Canis Majoris (listed by Al Achsasi al Mouakket as Thanih al Adzari) had been collectively often known as Al ʽAdhārā, “the Virgins.”
The identify Adhara formally applies solely to Epsilon Canis Majoris A, however is generally used for your entire star system. It was formally accepted by the Worldwide Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) on August 21, 2016.
The Chinese language know the star as 弧矢七 (Hú Shǐ qī), or the Seventh Star of Bow and Arrow. Bow and Arrow is a Chinese language asterism fashioned by Adhara with Wezen (δ CMa), Aludra (η CMa), Kappa Canis Majoris, c Puppis, Chi Puppis, Omicron Puppis, ok Puppis, and Pi Puppis.
Location
Adhara is situated in a area of the sky populated by a quantity of different exceptionally brilliant stars. These embody Sirius, Procyon, Pollux and Castor, Rigel, Betelgeuse and the celebrities of Orion’s Belt. Marking one of the hind legs of Canis Main, Adhara is straightforward to seek out as a result of it is the brightest of the three comparatively brilliant stars situated beneath Sirius. Sirius is straightforward to determine, each as a result of it is brighter than some other star within the sky and since the celebrities of Orion’s Belt – Alnitak, Alnilam and Mintaka – level instantly at it.
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Adhara types a triangle with fellow “virgins” Wezen (Delta CMa) and Aludra (Eta CMa), and marks the decrease proper vertex of the triangle.
Constellation
Adhara is situated within the constellation Canis Main. Representing the bigger of the 2 canine following Orion, the Hunter, Canis Main is house to a quantity of fascinating stars, together with Sirius, the brightest star within the sky, the yellow-white supergiant Wezen, the blue large (or brilliant large) Mirzam, the blue-white supergiant Aludra, and the pink supergiant (or hypergiant) VY Canis Majoris, one of the biggest stars identified.
Notable deep sky objects in Canis Main embody the open clusters Messier 41 and Caroline’s Cluster (NGC 2360), the interacting galaxies NGC 2207 and IC 2163, and the Canis Main Dwarf, the closest Milky Approach satellite tv for pc to Earth.
One of the best time of yr to look at the celebrities and deep sky objects in Canis Main is throughout the month of February.
The ten brightest stars within the constellation are Sirius (Alpha CMa, magazine. -1.46), Adhara (Epsilon CMa, magazine. 1.50), Wezen (Delta CMa, magazine. 1.824), Mirzam (Beta CMa, magazine. 1.985), Aludra (Eta CMa, magazine. 2.45), Furud (Zeta CMa, magazine. 3.025), Omicron2 Canis Majoris (magazine. 3.043), Unurgunite (Sigma CMa, magazine. 3.43 – 3.51), Kappa Canis Majoris (magazine. 3.40 – 3.97), and Omicron1 Canis Majoris (magazine. 3.78 – 3.99).
Adhara – Epsilon Canis Majoris
Spectral classB2IIU-B color index-0.93B-V color index-0.21Apparent magnitude1.50 (A), 7.5 (B)Absolute magnitude-4.8 (A), +1.9 (B)Distance430 ± 30 gentle years (132 ± 10 parsecs)Parallax7.57 ± 0.57 masRadial velocity+27.3 km/sProper motionRA: +2.63 mas/yrDec.: +2.29 mas/yrMass12.6 ± 1.0 M☉Luminosity38,700 L☉Radius13.9 R☉Temperature22,900 KAge22.5 ± 2.6 million yearsRotational velocity25 km/sSurface gravity3.39 cgsConstellationCanis MajorRight ascension06h 58m 37.6sDeclination-28° 58′ 19″DesignationsAdhara, Epsilon Canis Majoris, ε CMa, 21 Canis Majoris, HR 2618, HD 52089, HIP 33579, GC 9188, GCRV 4590, FK5 268, SAO 172676, CD−28°3666, ADS 5654, CCDM J06586-2858A, IRAS 06566-2854, 2MASS J06583754-2858197, PPM 251347, TYC 6535-3619-1
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